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Sains Malaysiana 54(5)(2025):
1221-1229
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5405-02
Production of Canthin-6-One and Stigmasterol in Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali)
Jack. Hairy Root Culture Transformed using Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strain A4 NOR HASNIDA HASSAN1,*,
LING SUI KIONG2, NAZIRAH ABDULLAH1 & NUR AINI MOHD
KASSIM1
1Forestry Biotechnology Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia
(FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 28 Oktober 2023/Diterima: 8 Januari 2025 Abstract
Eurycoma longifolia, commonly known as Tongkat Ali or
Malaysian ginseng, contains a variety of chemical compounds, including quassinoids, canthin-6-one alkaloids, B-carboline
alkaloids, squalene derivatives, and steroids. These compounds contribute to
the plant's therapeutic properties, which include anti-cancer, anti-malarial,
anti-ulcer, aphrodisiac, and energy-boosting effects. Since many of these compounds
are primarily extracted from the roots, overharvesting can threaten wild
populations of E. longifolia.
A sustainable approach to producing these chemical compounds involves
cultivating hairy root cultures, which have been used successfully to produce
chemical compounds in other plant species. In this study, hairy root cultures
of E. longifolia were established using the Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. The hairy roots were cultured in
MS basal liquid medium at pH 4.9, under dark conditions on an orbital shaker
(150 rpm) at 25 ± 2 °C.
The production of two chemical compounds reported extracted from E. longifolia natural roots, canthin-6-one and stigmasterol, was confirmed in the extracts of
the E. longifolia transformed hairy roots through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis. E. longifolia hairy roots culture can be used as an alternative source for these chemical compounds.
Keywords: Agrobacterium rhizogenes; chemical compounds; hairy roots; Tongkat AliAbstrak
Eurycoma longifolia yang dikenali sebagai Tongkat Ali atau ginseng
Malaysia mengandungi pelbagai sebatian kimia, termasuk quassinoid, alkaloid
canthin-6-one, alkaloid B-carboline, terbitan squalene dan steroid. Sebatian ini menyumbang kepada sifat terapeutik tumbuhan ini, termasuk kesan anti-kanser,
anti-malaria, anti-ulser, afrodisiak dan peningkatan tenaga.
Oleh kerana kesemua sebatian ini diekstrak terutamanya daripada akar, pengambilan secara berlebihan boleh mengancam populasi liar E. longifolia. Pendekatan yang mampan untuk menghasilkan sebatian kimia ini melibatkan penghasilan kultur akar rerambut yang telah berjaya digunakan untuk menghasilkan sebatian kimia dalam spesies tumbuhan lain. Dalam kajian ini, kultur akar rerambut E. longifolia telah dibangunkan menggunakan strain Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4. Kultur akar rerambut tersebut dikulturkan ke dalam medium cecair asas MS dengan pH 4.9, di bawah keadaan gelap atas penggoncang orbital
(150 rpm) pada suhu 25 ± 2 °C. Penghasilan dua sebatian kimia yang dilaporkan diekstrak daripada akar semula jadi E. longifolia iaitu canthin-6-one dan stigmasterol, telah disahkan dalam ekstrak akar rerambut E. longifolia menggunakan Kromatografi Cecair Berprestasi Tinggi (HPLC)
dan analisis spektroskopi Resonans Magnetik Nuklear (NMR). Kultur akar rerambut E. longifolia boleh digunakan sebagai sumber alternatif untuk penghasilan dua sebatian kimia ini.
Kata kunci: Agrobacterium rhizogenes; akar rerambut; metabolit sekunder; Tongkat Ali
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